Nigeria's mineral resources
Nigeria's most economically significant mineral resource is petroleum (crude oil), concentrated in the Niger Delta region, alongside natural gas. Other notable resources include coal (historically mined in the Enugu area), tin and columbite (Jos Plateau), and limestone (used for cement, found in various states).
Factors affecting industrial location
Industries tend to locate where several factors align favourably: availability of raw materials, access to markets for the finished product, transport links, availability of labour, and access to power/energy supply. Heavy, weight-losing industries (where the raw material is bulkier than the finished product) often locate near the raw material source; industries producing bulkier finished goods often locate closer to their markets.
Example 1: Explain why a cement factory is typically built close to a limestone quarry, rather than in a distant city.
Cement production uses large quantities of heavy limestone, and the finished cement is not meaningfully heavier than the limestone used to make it. Building the factory near the quarry avoids the high cost of transporting large volumes of heavy raw material over long distances.
Renewable vs non-renewable resources
Renewable resources (solar energy, wind, sustainably managed forests, water) can replenish naturally within a human timescale if not overused. Non-renewable resources (petroleum, coal, mineral ores) exist in a fixed quantity and, once extracted and used, cannot be replaced -- making their careful, sustainable management an important economic and environmental concern.