Soil and plant growth
Soil fertility depends on its nutrient content (especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), water-holding capacity, texture (proportion of sand, silt, and clay), and organic matter content. Continuously growing the same crop on the same land depletes specific nutrients that crop needs most, reducing yields over time.
Crop production practices
Crop rotation -- growing different types of crops in sequence, such as alternating a nitrogen-depleting crop like maize with a nitrogen-fixing legume like beans -- helps restore soil nutrients naturally and breaks the life cycles of pests and diseases that target a specific crop. Fertilizers (organic, like manure and compost, or inorganic, like NPK fertilizer) directly replace nutrients the soil lacks. Pest control methods include chemical pesticides, biological control (introducing natural predators), and good farming practices like weeding and proper spacing.
Example 1: Explain why growing beans after maize on the same plot of land can improve the following season's maize yield.
Maize uses up a lot of soil nitrogen as it grows. Beans (a legume) have root nodules containing bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, replenishing what the maize depleted -- so the soil has more nitrogen available for the next crop grown there.
Livestock farming basics
Livestock farming involves raising animals like cattle, goats, poultry, and fish for meat, milk, eggs, or other products. Good livestock management includes providing proper housing, balanced feed and clean water, disease prevention (vaccination, hygiene), and breeding practices suited to the farm's goals (e.g. selecting for higher milk yield or faster growth).